今日义乌人还在讲明朝话（予心奂然）
<!----><style type="text/css">html{font-size:375%}</style><link href="https://pics.app.cnyw.net/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503" rel="stylesheet" position="1" data-qf-origin="/static/publish/css/style.css?v=1605251010503"><!-- 付费贴--> <div class="preview_article "> <!----> <p>今日义乌人还在讲明朝话</p><p>——看看明朝小说中的义乌话</p><p>※※※※</p><p>你想知道明朝时义乌人的话吗？</p><p>请看这部明朝小说中的义乌话。</p><p>中国古代小说四大名著有两部成书于明代。但还有一部堪称奇书的话本小说《拍案惊奇》又称《初刻拍案惊奇》也成书于明天启七年。</p><p class="">作者凌濛初是明代浙江乌程奇人。为官为文，前半生著书作曲，后曾任上海县丞。凌濛初在巜拍案惊奇》中叙写市井人物之话语，光怪陆离之事件，都发生在寻常巷陌间。因而《拍案惊奇》中多吴语方言也就在情理之中了。</p><p class="">诸如义乌人今天常说的“夜饭食过咪？”在小说中多见不怪。试看几处：</p><p class="">卷之一，《转运汉巧遇洞庭红，波斯胡指破鼍龙壳》中，“急忙取了钱转来”，“回来”说成“转来”。“众人道：‘不要不老气’”，“面嫩”说成“不老气”。“主人便叫店内后生二人来抬此壳”，“年轻人”说成“后生”。</p><p class="">卷之二，《姚滴珠避羞惹羞，郑月娥将错就错》中，“若要做人家是这等不得”，把“兴家立业”说成“做人家”，现在义乌人说节俭得有些吝啬也叫“做侬家”。比如，明朝时吴语称“女人做针线活”也如现在叫“做生活”。</p><p class="">义乌方言把“一年有余”说成“年把”。在卷十二《陶家翁大雨留宾，蒋震卿片言得妇》中也这样说“便早死了年把，也不见得女儿如此。”如同“一点钟有余说成“点把钟”。</p><p class="">至于与明朝时吴地丧葬习俗相关的现存义乌方言，在《拍案惊奇》中也可见。</p><p class="">卷十三《赵六老舐犊丧残生，张知县诛枭成铁案》中有“过了两七，李作头来讨棺材银”，“到得过了断七，又忘了这般光景。”明朝时，也是七日为一忌，两七是死亡后已满十四天了。“断七”是人死后，四十九天。过去吴俗，即延请僧道诵经，俗叫“断七”，与今不同。</p><p class="">而“羹饭”则沿用至今。。如卷十六《张溜儿熟布迷魂阵，陆蕙娘立决到头缘》中，“嘱咐李主管照管羹饭。”指在未除孝以前，每日三餐与生前相同，在灵前摆的祭品。</p><p class="">接下来，试写一段明朝人说的“义乌话”：</p><p class="">“廿三岁后生，好食懒做。眠到业头孔丈把高爬起来。坐食山空，夜饭米落乃都勿晓得。勿倒灶都要倒灶。老古话要听，后生时勿做侬家，老来呒侬家。一张床勿眠两样侬，两公婆一道货。虱多勿痒，债多勿愁。铜钿银子白，眼睛乌珠黑，钞票上手便不迎账。勿要作大树底下好躲荫，旧性勿改，牵牛落海，迟早呒落梢，呒流落。”</p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pics.app.cnyw.net/forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FnXAnZBBT6fqfpSbpF6N_sCStn3a.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" alt="" width="589" height="627" data-qf-origin="forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FnXAnZBBT6fqfpSbpF6N_sCStn3a.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pics.app.cnyw.net/forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FkKdWUUrmcWFtxdmbdt6BO7Nxqj5.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" alt="" width="810" height="1134" data-qf-origin="forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FkKdWUUrmcWFtxdmbdt6BO7Nxqj5.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pics.app.cnyw.net/forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FrOv62BFqoCEUi72FLnhnw_TLuaO.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" alt="" width="635" height="921" 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src="https://pics.app.cnyw.net/forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_Fs_Qbswf_b0QSuFuk-tZ8u5jy-7H.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" alt="" width="595" height="921" data-qf-origin="forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_Fs_Qbswf_b0QSuFuk-tZ8u5jy-7H.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" /></p><p class="empty_paragraph"> </p><p class="qf_image big noneditable" contenteditable="false"><img src="https://pics.app.cnyw.net/forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FmK0LQCO2ar4QfNGEs_KC2jAd2fF.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" alt="" width="768" height="1024" data-qf-origin="forum/20240502212037front2_0_817427_FmK0LQCO2ar4QfNGEs_KC2jAd2fF.jpg?watermark/1/image/aHR0cDovL3BpY3MuYXBwLmNueXcubmV0L18yMDE5MDQyNTA5MTYwMF81Y2MxMGE1MDc5ZjY2LnBuZw==/dissolve/100/gravity/SouthEast" /></p><p> </p><p class=""> </p> <!----></div> 写得极好，龚老师博学又善文，把凌蒙初与义乌方言联系起来，弘扬了中华文明和地方文化。超赞！ http://pics.app.cnyw.net/static/gifts/11.png送出点赞x1 路过 佛吸 龚老师看书你细，研究比较深，赞赞赞！ 龚老师是学者型的！ 义乌方言值得传承，并发扬光大！ 廿三岁后生，好食懒做。 眠到业头孔丈把高爬起来。
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